GLYCERA (Γλυκέρα ), "the sweet one," a favourite name of hetairae. The most celebrated hetairae of this name are, 
1. The daughter of Thalassis and the mistress of Harpalus. (Athen. xiii. pp. 586, 595, 605, &c.)   

GNATHAENA (Γνάθαινα ), a celebrated Greek hetaera, of whom some witty sayings are recorded by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 585). She wrote a νόμος συσσιτικός, in the same fashion as νόμοι were commonly written by philosophers. It consisted of 323 fines, and was incorporated by Callimachus in his πίναξ τῶν νόμων. [L. S.]

LAIS (Λαίς), a name borne by more than one Grecian Hetaera. Two were celebrated ; but, as the ancient writers in their accounts and anecdotes respecting them seldom indicate which they refer to, and where they do draw the distinction, frequently speak of the one, while what they say of her is manifestly applicable only to the other, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to decide how to apportion the numerous notices respecting them which have come down to us. Jacobs, who has bestowed some attention on this subject, distin­guishes the two following :—
1. The elder Lais, a native probably of Corinth. Athenaeus (xiii. p. 588) says that she was born at Hyccara, in Sicily, but he has probably confounded her with her younger namesake, the daughter of Timandra (Athen. xii. p. 535, c. xiii. p. 574, e.) ; for Timandra, as we know from Plutarch (Alcib. 39), was a native of Hyccara. The elder Lais lived in the time of the Peloponnesian war, and was celebrated as the most beautiful woman of her age. Her figure was especially admired. (Athen. xiii. p. 587, d. 588, e.) She was notorious also for her avarice and caprice. (Athen. xiii. p. 570, c. 588, c. 585, d.) Amongst her numerous lovers she num­bered the philosopher Aristippus. (Athen. xii. 544, xiii. 588), two of whose works were entitled Πρὸς Λαίδα and Πρὸς Λαίδα περὶ τοῦ κατόπτρου. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 84). She fell in love with and offered her hand to Eubotas, of Cyrene [EUBOTAS], who, after his victory at Olympia, fulfilled his promise of taking her with him to Cyrene, in word only - he took with him her portrait. (Aelian, V. H. x. 2 ; Clemens Alex. Strom. iii. p. 447, c.) In her old age she became addicted to drinking. Of her death various stories were told. (Athen. xiii. p. 570, b. d. 587, e.; Phot. cod. cxc. p. 146, 23, ed. Bekker.) She died at Corinth, where a monument (a lioness tearing a ram) was erected to her, in the cypress grove called the Kpdveiov. (Paus. ii. 2. § 4 ; Athen. xiii. p. 589, c.) Numerous anecdotes of her were current, but they are not worth relating here. (Athen. xiii. p. 582; Auson. Epig. 17.) Lais presenting her looking-glass to Aphrodite was a frequent subject of epigrams. (Brunck. Anal. i. p. 170, 7, ii. p. 494, 5 ; Anthol Pal. vi. 1, 19.) Her fame was still fresh at Corinth in the time of Pausanias (ii. 2. § 5), and oοὐ Κόρινθος οὔτε Λαίς became a proverb. (Athen. iv. p. 137, d.)
2. The younger Lais was the daughter of Timandra (see above), who is sportively called Damasandra in Athenaeus (xiii. p. 574, e.). Lais was probably born at Hyccara in Sicily. According to some accounts she was brought to Corinth when seven years old, having been taken prisoner in the Athenian expedition to Sicily, and bought by a Corinthian. (Plut. l. c. ; Paus. ii. 2. § 5 j Schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 179 ; Athen. xiii. p. 589.) This story however, which involves numerous difficulties, is rejected by Jacobs, who attributes it to a confusion between this Lais and the elder one of the same name. The story of Apelles having induced her to enter upon the life of a courtezan must have reference to the younger Lais. (Athen. xiii. p. 588.) She was a contemporary and rival of Phryne. (Athen. p. 588, e.) She became enamoured of a Thessalian named Hippolochus, or Hippostratus, and accompanied him to Thessaly. Here, it is said, some Thessalian women, jealous of her beauty, enticed her into a temple of Aphro­dite, and there stoned her to death. (Paus. ii. 2 § 5 ; Plut. vol. ii. p. 767, e. ; Athen. xiii. p. 58,9, b.) According to the scholiast on Aristophanes (Plut. 179), a pestilence ensued, which did not abate till a temple was dedicated to Aphrodite Anosia. She was buried on the banks of the Peneus. The inscription on her monument is preserved by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 589). [C. P.M.] 

LAMIA (Λάμια), a celebrated Athenian courtezan, daughter of Cleanor. She commenced her career as a flute-player on the stage, in which pro fession she attained considerable celebrity, but afterwards abandoned it for that of a hetaera. We know not by what accident she found herself on board of the fleet of Ptolemy at the great sea-fight off Salamis (B. C. 306), but it was on that occasion that she fell into the hands of the young Demetrius, over whom she quickly obtained, the most unbounded influence. Though then already past her prime, she so completely captivated the young prince, that her sway continued unbroken for many years, notwithstanding the numerous rivals with whom she had to contend. It was apparently not so much to her beauty as to her wit and talents that she owed her power: the latter were cele­ brated by the comic writers as well as the historians of the period, and many anecdotes concerning her have been transmitted to us by Plutarch and Athenaeus. Like most persons of her class, she was noted for her profusion, and the magnificence of the banquets which she gave to Demetrius was celebrated even in those times of wanton extravagance. In one instance, however, she is recorded to have made a better use of the treasures which were lavished upon her by her lover with almost incredible profusion, and built a splendid portico for the citizens of Sicyon, probably at the period when their city was in great measure rebuilt by Demetrius. Among the various flatteries invented by the Athenians to please Demetrius was that of consecrating a temple in honour of Lamia, under the title of Aphrodite, and their example was followed by the Thebans. (Plut. Demetr. 16, 19, 24, 25, 27 ; Athen. iii. p. 101, iv. p. 128, vi. p. 253, xiii. p. 577, xiv. p. 615 ; Aelian. V. H. xii. 17, xiii. 9.) According to Athenaeus, she had a daughter by Demetrius, who received the name of Phila. Diogenes Laertius (v. 76) mentions that Demetrius Phalereus also cohabited with a woman named Lamia, whom he calls an Athenian of noble birth. If this, story be not altogether a mistake, which seems not improbable, the Lamia meant must be distinct from the subject of the present article. [E. H. B.] 

LEAENA (Λέαινα). 1. An Athenian hetaera, beloved by Aristogeiton, or, according to Athenaeus, by Harmodius. On the murder of Hipparchus she was put to the torture, as she was supposed to have been privy to the conspiracy ; but she died under her sufferings without making any disclosure, and, if we may believe one account, she bit off her tongue, that no secret might be wrung from her. The Athenians honoured her memory greatly, and in particular by a bronze statue of a lioness (Λέαινα) without a tongue, in the vestibule of the Acropolis. (Paus. i. 23 ; Athen. xiii. p. 596, e ; Plut, de Garr. 8 ; Polyaen. viii. 45.) Pausanias tells us (l. c.) that the account of her constancy was preserved at Athens by tradition.
2. An hetaera, one of the favourites of Demetrius Poliorcetes, at Athens. (Mach. ap. Athen. xiii. p. 577, d ; comp. Plut. Dem. 26.) [E. E.]

LEONTIUM (Λεόντιον), an Athenian hetaera, the disciple and mistress of Epicurus. She wrote a treatise against Theophrastus, which Cicero cha racterises as written scito quidem sermone et Attico. According to Pliny (Praef.) the audacity of the attempt gave rise to the proverb suspendio arborem eligere. Pliny mentions a painting of her by Theodorus, in which she was represented in a meditative attitude. Among her numerous lovers we also find mentioned Metrodorus, the disciple of Epicurus, and Hermesianax of Colophon. She had a daughter, Danae, who was also an hetaera of some notoriety. (Diog. Laert. x. 4 ; Athen. xiii. p. 588, a. b. 593, b. 597, a ; Cic, de Nat. Deor. i. 33 ; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 11.) [C. P. M.] 

PHILINNA (Φίλιννα) the name of many Greek females, as, for instance, of the female dancer of Larissa in Thessaly, who was the mother of Arrhidaeus by Philip, the father of Alexander the Great. (Athen. xiii. p. 557, e ; Phot. Bibl. p. 64. 23.) It was also the name of the mother of the poet Theocritus (Ep. 3).

PHRYNE (Φρύνη ), one of the most celebrated Athenian hetairae, was the daughter of Epicles, and a native of Thespiae in Boeotia. She was of very humble origin, and originally gained her livelihood by gathering capers ; but her beauty procured for her afterwards so much wealth that she is said to have offered to rebuild the walls of Thebes, after they had been destroyed by Alexander, if she might be allowed to put up this inscription on the walls :— " Alexander destroyed them, but Phryne, the he-taira, rebuilt them." She had among her admirers many of the most celebrated men of the age of Philip and Alexander, and the beauty of her form gave rise to some of the greatest works of art. The orator Hyperides was one of her lovers, and he defended her when she was accused by Euthias on one occasion of some capital charge ; but when the eloquence of her advocate foiled to move the judges, he bade her uncover her breast, and thus ensured her acquittal. The most celebrated picture of Apelles, his "Venus Anadyomene "  [APELLES, p. 222, b.], is said to have been a representation of Phryne, who, at a public festival at Eleusis, entered the sea with dishevelled hair. The celebrated Cnidian Venus of Praxiteles, who was one of her lovers, was taken from her [PRAXITELES], and he expressed his love for her in an epigram which he inscribed on the base of a statue of Cupid, which he gave to her, and which she dedicated at Thespiae. Such admiration did she excite, that her neighbours dedicated at Delphi a statue of her, made of gold, and resting on a base of Pentelican marble. According to Apollodorus (ap. Athen., xiii. p. 591, e.) there were two hetairae of the name of Phryne, one of whom was surnamed Clausilegos and the other Saperdium ; and according to Herodicus (Ibid.) there were also two, one the Thespian, and the other surnamed Sestus. The Thespian Phryne, however, is the only one of whom we have any account. (Athen. xiii. pp. 590, 591, 558, c. 567, e, 583, b.c. 585, e. f.; Aelian, V. H. ix. 32 ; Alciphron, Ep. i. 31 ; PI in. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 10 ; Propert. ii. 5 ; Jacobs, Att. Mus. vol. iii. pp. 18, &c. 36, &c.)

THAIS (Θαίς), a celebrated Athenian Hetaera, who accompanied Alexander the Great on his expedition into Asia, or at least was present on various occasions during that period. Her name is best known from the story of her having stimulated the conqueror during a great festival at Persepolis, to set fire to the palace of the Persian kings: but this anecdote, immortalized as it has been by Dryden's famous ode, appears to rest on the sole authority of Cleitarchus, one of the least trustworthy of the historians of Alexander, and is in all probability a mere fable (Cleitarchus, ap. Athen. xiii. p. 576, e ; Diod. xvii. 72 ; Plut. Alex. 38 ; Curt. v. 7. §§ 3 - 7 ; Droysen, Gesch. Alex. p. 247, note.)
After the death of Alexander, Thaïs attached herself to Ptolemy Lagi, by whom she became the mother of two sons, Leontiscus and Lagus, and of a daughter, Eirene. The statement of Athenaeus that she was actually married to the Egyptian king may be doubted, but he seems to have been warmly attached to her, and brought up their common children in almost princely style. (Athen. xiii. p. 576, e.) Many anecdotes are recorded of her wit and readiness in repartee, for which she seems to have been as distinguished as for her beauty. (Id. ib. p. 585.) [E. H. B.]